Learning Bird Has Started a Book Club

Book Club

Learning Bird team members will read and discuss books written by Indigenous authors or including Indigenous themes and issues.

Our first book is Seven Fallen Feathers: Racism, Death, and Hard Truths in a Northern City by Tanya Talaga. Our team has all enjoyed the book so far, and we are excited to discuss it in mid-November. We have identified some themes and questions we will be discussing during our book club meeting as we read. If you have any points you think we should discuss, let us know, and we will work those points into our agenda. After we meet, we will update you on what we thought of the book and speak to specific points discussed.

Do you have a book you think we should read for our book club? Send us your suggestions, and we will add them to our to-read list.

Community Spotlight: Seven Generations Education Institute

Seven Generations

Seven Generations Education Institute derives its name from ancient Indigenous philosophy. Decisions made in the present should be sustainable seven generations into the future. For the past three years, we have seen how committed the educators and staff are to this principle. We’ve enjoyed working with them to achieve this important goal. The resources we’ve created together reflect the rich cultures of the Seven Generations Education Institute’s ten founding Nations. They will be accessible for educators and learners for years to come.

Respecting Sacred Teachings at Seven Generations Education Institute

During the first year of our collaboration, we worked with educators, Elders, and Knowledge Keepers. We created resources for dimensions of wellness, feast bags, and the significance of the Sweat Lodge, tobacco offerings, and naming ceremonies. Seven Generations Education Institute chose to keep some of these resources private. They are not accessible to other school partners using Learning Bird. “There are certain ceremonies, Protocols, and traditions that are sacred and specific to a certain place or Nation. Some communities want that knowledge to remain in the community,” said Natalie Gilbert, Learning Bird’s Education Content Manager. Our commitment is to respect these wishes. We ensure that every school and community has control over when and how they share their resources.

Sky Woman

During the 2017/18 school year, we worked with Seven Generations Education Institute to build resources on the Anishinaabe Creation story of Sky Woman from Basil Johnston’s Ojibway Heritage. The resource kit includes slideshows, a handout, and a video that introduces learners to the story of Sky Woman. Together with educators, staff, and learners at the school, we were able to bring this beautiful story to life. The video featured illustrative paintings by learners and narration by Julija Graham, an educator at the high school. “It’s great for learners to see their creative work reflected in resources built for the school and hear voices from the community that they recognize. It keeps content localized and incorporates the talents of learners and other community members,” said Natalie.  

Kay-Nah-Chi-Wah-Nung

Last year, our work with Seven Generations Education Institute focused on creating resources about Kay-Nah-Chi-Wah-Nung, Anishinaabemowin for “Place of the Long Rapids.” This site was an important place of early habitation and ceremonial burials. The resources discuss the historical and cultural significance of Kay-Nah-Chi-Wah-Nung. That includes signing Treaty 3 and the forced amalgamation of Indigenous Peoples in the region into the Rainy River First Nations by the Canadian government.

The activities in the kit encourage learners to think about how the construction of the Kay-Nah-Chi-Wah-Nung Historical Centre and a traditional roundhouse symbolize the resilience of the Rainy River First Nations. The resource kit includes an interview with Elder Gilbert Smith. He shares his knowledge of the burial mounds at Kay-Nah-Chi-Wah-Nung, the Manitou Mounds.

Celebrating Indigenous Knowledge at Seven Generations Education Institute

This year, we will be working with Elders and Knowledge Keepers from Rainy River First Nations to create resources for Seven Generations Education Institute. Earlier this month, Natalie and Learning Bird’s Education Training Manager Joelle Chemali documented the school’s Fall Feast. “There were 14 stations set up so learners could experience different activities, including Métis jigging, bannock making, storytelling, and drumming. What I really liked about it was that everyone was happy and willing to share the knowledge and information they had about each activity,” said Joelle.

Honouring Survivors

One station helped learners understand the impact of the residential school system on individuals, communities, and Nations in the region. Elder Kelvin Morrison spoke to learners about some of his painful experiences at a residential school. Kelvin also shared his story with us on camera. Joelle noted the significance of this for learners and others. “It’s important to make people more aware about what actually happened in these schools, and also to make them aware of the impact the residential school system had on Survivors’ children, grandchildren, and communities.”

Some of our partners choose to keep residential school resources private for in-community use only. Others are comfortable sharing their stories and experiences to benefit all learners on the Learning Bird platform. We are very grateful to have worked with several residential school Survivors over the years and have assisted in documenting their traumatic experiences and stories of resilience for future generations.

Culturally-Relevant Resources

Our team looks forward to creating engaging, culturally-relevant resources. This year, Natalie and Joelle collected the video footage and audio materials while on-site at Seven Generations Education Institute. They have seen firsthand how committed the educators and administrators are to helping learners succeed and connect with their culture.

“Principal Sean Taggart is really involved and listens to his staff very carefully. Over the years, their staff hasn’t changed much, which means educators enjoy their work and are dedicated to their learners. There’s a strong sense of partnership, and they’re all working together to achieve the same goal, which is amazing to see,” said Joelle. She’s already looking forward to working closely with the educators again when she travels in the new year. She will be returning to offer educators one-on-one coaching. Educators will learn how best to optimize and integrate the resources we’ve created into their year plans.

Treaty Observances

Treaty

What is a treaty? By definition, it is a formal and legally-binding agreement between countries or nations. In Canada, “treaty” can be a charged word. When we talk about treaties in Canada, we usually mean those between the Crown and various Turtle Island Nations. They lay out the rights and responsibilities of the Canadian government and Indigenous Nations.

The Treaty Relationship

These treaties can be contentious issues, reflecting the strained relationship between the Government of Canada and many Indigenous Nations. You may have heard phrases such as “spirit and intent” or “we are all treaty people” concerning the treaty relationship. You may hear debates about treaty responsibilities versus the Indian Act and whether the government fulfils those responsibilities or not.

Treaty Days

It is natural to remember the day when large-scale agreements took place. We often mark and remember the ends of wars or creation of countries, and treaties are no different. Across Canada, people celebrate the signing of treaties and remember the agreements. Celebrants often recall the rights and responsibilities of both parties and reflect on the relationships between the signatories.

October 1st was Treaty Day in Nova Scotia. Each year, Mi’kmaq celebrate the signing of the Peace and Friendship Treaties between 1725 and 1779.

The first week in November marks Treaties Recognition Week across Ontario. It offers everyone, especially children, a chance to learn about treaties and Indigenous cultures in the land now known as Ontario.

Communities in Western Canada often remember their treaties throughout the summer. Sometimes, communities opt to remember treaties on June 21st, National Indigenous Peoples Day.

Celebrating Indigenous History and Culture

On Treaty Days, Indigenous Peoples celebrate their history on the land and their cultures by organizing and attending powwows, feasts, games, gatherings, and concerts. A large part of these days involves spending time with friends and family. Halifax has a parade to help non-Indigenous people in the province learn about Mi’kmaq history and culture. Treaty Day also kicks off Mi’kmaq History Month in Nova Scotia. In Ontario, Treaties Recognition Week is an opportunity for Indigenous groups, organizations, and speakers to teach learners about different communities of Indigenous Peoples who live in the province.

Treaty Annuity Payments

Another part of Treaty Days, mainly for lands covered by the Numbered Treaties, is Annuity Payments. The treaty documents outline the annual payment amounts. While these payments vary, they are all quite small. In Winnipeg, on Treaty 1 land, the payments are just $5 a year. When leaders signed the treaties in the 1800s and early 1900s, this was a reasonable amount of money. Today, it is largely symbolic of the continuing relationship between the federal government and Indigenous Nations.

That said, just as the treaties are sources of much discussion and debate, so are Treaty Days and Annuity Payments.

Broken Promises

For many, Treaty Days and Annuity Payments highlight how the Canadian government has not upheld its treaty promises. In this light, the day reminds Indigenous Peoples’ everyday struggles to have their rights recognized. The annuity payment itself is reflective of this struggle. Some see it as a symbol of the federal government’s continuing rights and responsibilities to signatories. Others see it as another example of how the government does not respect Indigenous Peoples. The government has not increased these payments in step with inflation. Indigenous Peoples often perceive that as another way the government fails to meet their responsibilities.

Reconciliation

Ultimately, no matter their form, Treaty Days serve as a day to celebrate and remember Indigenous Peoples, histories, and rights. They are opportunities for non-Indigenous people to learn about and honour the cultures and Peoples of this land. They can remind everyone how much further we have on our journey to true reconciliation.

Additional Resources

To learn more about treaties and different perspectives on them, check out the resources we created with First Nations communities and schools across Canada. We have resources discussing Treaties 3, 5, 6, and 10. You can find them on the Learning Bird platform by doing a keyword search for “treaty” or selecting the “Aboriginal Law & Treaties” filter.