June 2017 - Learning Bird

Canada 150 celebrations discount Indigenous histories.

Canada is about to celebrate its 150th birthday as a nation. That means communities across Canada, big and small, are preparing to commemorate and recognize Canadian identity and the nation’s history. In most Canadian history classes, learners learn about many achievements made over the past century and a half and how important it is to celebrate them. Artistic displays, beautiful fireworks, fun family activities and many other events will happen on July 1st and the days surrounding it.

If you search Canada 150 online, the top hits are mostly government-run websites endorsing various celebrations across Canada. Last year, the federal government offered funding to municipalities and cities to organize local events for the celebrations. As your learners wrap up their school year, they probably hear a great deal about Canada 150 in the news and wider community.

Canada 150?

For some learners, however, this time may not feel very celebratory. Canada’s Indigenous population struggles with the concept of celebrating 150 years of what many consider colonial rule. Adam Beach, a Saulteaux Ojibwe actor, will participate in the Canada 150 celebrations. He said he felt as though he was trying to “balance on the edge” of celebrating Canadian culture with the historical and modern realities of the treatment of Indigenous Peoples in Canada.

Educators should know that our learners may not understand why Canada 150 is controversial. Learners need to listen to and understand Indigenous narratives about Canada’s history during this time of celebration. Below are two stories from an Indigenous leader and artist, highlighting how Canada 150 celebrations fail to capture and acknowledge the importance of Indigenous history in Canada. You can use them as discussion points with your learners throughout the year.

Grand Chief Derek Nepinak

Like Grand Chief Derek Nepinak of the Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs, several Indigenous leaders have protested both the amount of money spent on the Canada 150 celebrations and the hype surrounding the planned events. The Grand Chief will walk 120 km in protest. He states his walk will symbolize the resilience Indigenous people have shown in the face of what has happened to them since confederation. In an interview with CBC News, Nepinak stated, “We don’t have a lot to celebrate when it comes to 150 years of assimilation and genocide and marginalization.” Many Canadians share this viewpoint. They argue that amongst all the fanfare and funds poured into commemorating this anniversary, the government continues to inadequately acknowledge the numerous shameful events and experiences regarding its treatment of Indigenous Peoples.

Nadya Kwandibens

Nadya Kwandibens, a celebrated Indigenous artist from the Animakee Wa Zhing First Nation, recently shared with CBC that she would be boycotting Canada 150. She states, “The way I see it is these celebrations are a celebration of colonialism and, as an Indigenous person, I’m choosing not to celebrate colonialism.” Nadya’s photography has been showcased in galleries, media festivals, and CBC’s 8th Fire. She uses photography to share the struggles and successes of Indigenous Peoples, with a special focus on portrait photography. In her artistic statement on her portfolio website, she shares:

“We, as Indigenous people, are often portrayed in history books as Nations once great; in museums as Nations frozen stoic; in the media as Nations forever troubled. These images can be despairing; however, my goal seeks to steer the positive course. If our history is a shadow, let this moment serve as a light. We are musicians, lawyers, doctors, mothers, and sons. We are activists, scholars, dreamers, fathers, and daughters. Let us claim ourselves now and see that we are, and will always be great, thriving, balanced civilizations capable of carrying ourselves into that bright new day.”

Reconciliation

The Honourable Justice Murray Sinclair speaks out about atrocities committed in residential schools and the need to participate in reconciliation. He stated that “education got us into this mess, education will get us out of it.” The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada created action items. The actions are ways governments, institutions, and individuals can and should participate in acts of reconciliation.

Let’s take the opportunity to help our learners recognize that while we can celebrate Canada 150, there is a difference between commemorating the century and a half since confederation and fourteen millennia of Indigenous history on this land. We can, and should, showcase and celebrate this much longer historical identity. We want to share some Canada 150 events that also highlight reconciliation so learners can participate in reconciliation actions.

Clean Water Birthday Project

A group of grade 7 learners at Ian Bazalgette Junior High School will celebrate Canada 150 by raising awareness about clean water issues on First Nation reserves in Canada. It started after their teacher shared documentaries about water issues on First Nation reserves. The learners petitioned the municipal, provincial, and federal government to use funds slated for Canada 150 towards water cleanliness and safety. They’ve dubbed their program the Clean Water Birthday Project. The learners also used a popular viral video style to share facts with other young people about the water crisis. Awareness campaigns like these could be a great way for you and your learners to recognize and support Indigenous Peoples in Canada. It can help highlight some of their struggles in accessing essential services like clean water.

Kanata Festival

A special festival called the Kanata Festival will happen over the Canada 150 celebration weekend. The festival, called a “festival of reconciliation,” features a map of Turtle Island painted across most of the event space. The festival is in partnership with the Vancouver Native Housing Society. The aim is to raise recognition about the lack of safe affordable housing for many Indigenous Peoples in Canada. While educating attendees, the organizers hope to impact the community by hiring Indigenous employees and leaving a legacy/permanent structure after the event.

“The Kanata Festival will be a celebration and performance space, a number of the iconic structures will be part of a monumental art project that will remain as a legacy piece after the festival. The Kanata site will be the launch event for the creation of the first, culturally accurate, location-based Indigenous Knowledge Network of and about Indigenous people, their place names, their traditions and their culture.”

Reconciliation, Canada 150 and the Classroom

Canada Day is celebrated in July when learners have already left the classroom for the adventures and fun of summer. However, talking and teaching about the issues surrounding Canada 150 can happen throughout the school year. The following is a school unit appropriate for grades 6-10 that can help you discuss the controversy of Canada 150. It includes a digitized, narrative version of the wonderful KAIROS blanket exercise and activities that introduce learners to the history of the land now known as Canada. In this unit, you will find:

A video discussing activism around the celebration of Canada 150

A video narrative of the KAIROS Blanket exercise, covering 500 years of Indigenous experiences and history

A historical timeline research project highlighting the histories of Indigenous Peoples on the land called Turtle Island

A role-playing activity on a reimagined Confederation Conference, where learners get to create a new Canada based on their values, recognizing groups not included in confederation

Feel free to use this content with your learners. If you are interested in learning more about content resources for your classroom, contact us.

National Indigenous Peoples Day celebrates Indigenous Peoples across the country and their important contributions to our history and culture. This year, Learning Bird would like to recognize and celebrate educators from two communities we work with. These educators believe that the best way to help their youth is to reconnect them with their cultures and languages. They accomplish this by integrating Indigenous ways of knowing and understanding into learning experiences.

Celebrating Indigenous Educators

Big Island Lake Cree Nation: Chief Napew Memorial School

Joe Lachance is the Treaty, Land and Culture Catalyst at Chief Napew Memorial School in Big Island Lake Cree Nation. He explains that the concept of land-based education aims to decolonize education. It has been a part of the school’s curriculum since it opened in the 1970s. This education concept was integral to the school’s culture because “living off the land was a way of life for the majority of community members.” At the time, community Elders were developing programs to keep male learners in school. These programs included hunting, fishing, trapping, rodeo, and 4H and helped learners develop social skills and improve their grades.

Treaty, Language and Culture Program

Currently, the Treaty, Language and Culture (TLC) program form the basis of their land-based education program. The TLC program, as Lachance explains, “reconnects the First Nation people to the land, to the knowledge, to the relationships, and [to] the teachings that the land has historically offered its people.” It gives learners the “opportunity to explore their talents and gifts through in-school learning, and [hands-on] activities.” The TLC program, developed in collaboration with Elders and community members, focuses on six main areas of learning: hunting, gathering, fishing, exploring, trapping, and arts. At Chief Napew Memorial School, learners are taught specific objectives about these topics holistically while in the classroom. Then, they follow up this learning with outdoor, hands-on learning.

Some of the school’s most important activities are the Seasonal Camps at nearby lakes. During these camps, grade 6 to 12 learners engage in “learning the community history, practicing traditional ways, exploring the territory, ice fishing, hunting and winter survival skills by building shelters, making fire, and cooking outdoors.” The school invites parents and Elders from the community to these Camps. They can participate in activities as the learners learn around them.

Potlotek First Nation: Mi’kmawey School

An Elder in Potlotek First Nation, Terry Denny, works with learners at Mi’kmawey School. He takes his learners on nature walks, shows them how to cook, and makes traditional tools and items with them. While doing these activities, he teaches his learners the Mi’kmaq vocabulary they need to understand what they are doing. Terry’s method of teaching brings traditional ways of learning into the classroom. He believes in showing his learners an item, like a bow, and then giving them the space to make mistakes while figuring out how to make it themselves. He believes that “if I tell you all the mistakes you will make beforehand, you will not learn anything. You will not understand how it works.” This process allows learners to find the best way to create something.

The Importance of Language to Culture

Terry also believes there is a difference between knowing a language and understanding it. According to him, the Mi’kmaq “culture and language are based on hunting and fishing. There’s no other way to fully understand it. We try to read and write our language to understand it fully, and it doesn’t really work.” For this reason, Terry encourages learners to explore nature and make things while speaking their language.

Terry has noticed that the learners he teaches have become more respectful and motivated to complete their work in other classes since he began working with them. He believes learners see value in his teachings partly because they recognize that these skills may help them later in life. Terry has seen many youths feel lost as they grow up. He thinks that reconnecting with their culture will help learners understand who they are and where they want to go in life.

Joe Lachance, Terry Denny, and many other educators are spearheading school programs and delivering classes that Indigenous youths’ cultures. That will help learners see that their culture and language is something to be celebrated not only on National Indigenous Peoples Day but every day of the year.

community learning land-based education National Aboriginal Day

Canada 150? Celebrating Indigenous Peoples’ Histories